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INTEGRALES
IMPROPIAS 1ª ESPECIE |
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Son integrales definidas donde la función y/o el
intervalo de integración no estan acotados. |
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INTEGRALES IMPROPIAS de 1ª
especie. |
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∫ |
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Función f(x) continua en un intervalo infinito [a,∞) de integración con
F(x) = |
f(x) dx |
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∫ |
∞ |
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∫ |
b |
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Tipo 1ªA : |
f(x) dx |
= |
lim |
f(x) dx |
= |
lim |
F(b) - F(a) |
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a |
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b→∞ |
a |
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b→∞ |
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f(x) |
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∫ |
b |
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∫ |
b |
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Tipo 1ªB : |
f(x) dx |
= |
lim |
f(x) dx |
= |
F(b) - |
lim |
F(a) |
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-∞ |
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b→∞ |
a |
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b→∞ |
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a |
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∞ |
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∫ |
∞ |
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∫ |
c |
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∫ |
∞ |
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Tipo 1ªC : |
f(x) dx |
= |
f(x) dx |
+ |
f(x) dx |
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(c es cualquier punto) |
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-∞ |
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-∞ |
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c |
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CONVERGENCIA |
La integral converge si el límite existe y diverge
si no existe o es infinito. |
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∫ |
∞ |
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∫ |
b |
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b |
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| 1) |
e-x dx |
= |
lim |
e-x dx = |
lim |
-e-x |
= |
lim |
(-e-b + 1)
= 1 |
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0 |
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b→∞ |
0 |
b→∞ |
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0 |
b→∞ |
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PROPIEDADES |
Cosideramos que las
integrales de f, g convergen. |
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∫ |
∞ |
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α∫ |
∞ |
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β∫ |
∞ |
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a) |
α·f ± β·g |
= |
f |
± |
g |
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converge |
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V α , β € R |
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a |
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a |
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a |
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∫ |
∞ |
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∫ |
c |
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∫ |
∞ |
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b) |
f |
= |
f |
+ |
f |
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V c € [a , ∞) |
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a |
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a |
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c |
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∫ |
∞ |
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∫ |
∞ |
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c) |
f |
≤ |
g |
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Si f(x) ≤ g(x) |
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V x € [a , ∞) |
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a |
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a |
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CRITERIO DE CONVERGENCIA |
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a) |
Primer criterio de comparación : |
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Si 0 ≤
f(x) ≤ g(x) |
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V x € [a , ∞) |
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∫ |
∞ |
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∫ |
∞ |
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∫ |
∞ |
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∫ |
∞ |
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∫ |
∞ |
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∫ |
∞ |
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f |
≤ |
g |
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Si |
g converge |
f tambien |
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Si |
f diverge |
g tambien |
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b) |
Segundo criterio de comparación
: |
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Sea |
lim |
f(x) / g(x) = L ≥ 0 |
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x→∞ |
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Si 0 ≤
f(x) , 0 ≤ g(x) |
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V x € [a , ∞) |
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∫ |
∞ |
∫ |
∞ |
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Si L
> 0 |
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f |
g |
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Las dos convergen o divergen a la vez. (Tienen el mismo carácter) |
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a |
a |
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∫ |
∞ |
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∫ |
∞ |
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Si L =
0 |
y |
g converge => |
f converge |
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a |
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a |
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∫ |
∞ |
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∫ |
∞ |
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Si L =
∞ |
y |
g
diverge => |
f diverge |
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a |
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MODELOS PARA LOS CRITERIO
DE COMPARACIÓN |
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∫ |
∞ |
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| (1a) |
x-r dx |
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Converge al valor [ -
a1-r / (1-r) ] si r > 1 y
Diverge si
r ≤ 1 |
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a |
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∫ |
∞ |
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| (1b) |
e-tx dx |
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Converge al valor [ e-ta / t ] si t > 0 y
Diverge si t ≤ 0 |
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a |
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